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A Short History of the Venetian Mask


In 1296, the Serenissima Republic of Venice decreed that the day before Lent -- the 40-day period before Easter, observed in the Roman Catholic faith as a time for reflection and repentance -- would henceforth be a holiday so that its citizens could get the urge to sin out of their systems. The day came to be known as "Carnivale" -- literally "goodbye meat!" (from the Latin carne "meat" and vale "farewell") since giving up meat was traditionally one of the penances observed during Lent. In Venice's hierarchical society, carnivale also served a useful social function by giving the lowest-born classes the illusion that they were on equal footing with the powerful, allowing them to make fun of the wealthy in public by wearing masks on their faces.

If one day of Carnivale was good for repentance, how much better was a week or a month? Gradually, the beginning of Carnivale slipped backwards until finally it became set as 26 December. Its official close was Ash Wednesday.

As Venice declined in political power, its reputation as the capitol of decadence grew. What happened in Venice stayed in Venice! But after Venice was annexed by the straight-laced Austrians in 1798, Carnivale was no more. It wasn't until a group of Venetian artists in the 1970's began making masks again as a tribute to their history that the celebration that has come to be synonymous with Venice was reinstated.

Mask making tableau

Click on thumbnails to launch full-sized photographs.


The technique of crafting masks from paper maché is an ancient process. First the mask designers make a clay mold by hand. Once the clay has dried, gesso (a soft chalk mix) is poured on the mold to create a negative mold. Wet paper with glue is then hand shaped on to the gesso mold to create a mask. Once dried, the mask will be painted and decorated.

The masks for sale at SLOW Burn come from the finest Mascareri in Venice including Balocoloc, Benor Maschere, Ca' Del Sol, Laboratorio Casanova and La Bottega dei Mascareri (whose work was featured in Stanley Kubrick's last film, Eyes Wide Shut). Unfortunately many of the masks sold in Venice today are actually assembly line items made in China. We only import from artists whose workshops we have visited.

We hope you enjoy looking at our masks and learning about them. And, of course, they are for sale.
   
big-jesterc.jpg Jolly (Jester with Musical Notes, Golden Bells & Inlay of Semi-Precious Stones)
$340.00
The Jolly, or Jester, is one of the classic archetypes of the Commedia dell'Arte. From Italy, the archetype spread to other parts of Europe. (In England, for example, the Jester influenced Shakespeare's creation of such characters as Feste in Twelth Night and the Fool in King Lear.) The Jester may be seen as an embodiment of the Christian ideal of a character neither corrupted by the world nor impressed by worldly status of authority, a persona that is also echoed in the Tarot card the Fool, or in modern times by Jack Kerouac's "crazy dumbsaint of the mind."

This piece, from the Balocoloc workshop in Venice, is crafted from paper maché and gold leaf. The paper maché has been treated with a special aging technique to make its surface look like aged porecelain. The traditional jester's cap is crafted from music paper inset with semi-precious stones and decorated with gold filagree and bells. The mask can either be worn or displayed.

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small-jester12.jpg Female Jolly With Music Notes
$160.00
Female jester -- note the stylizied Cupid's bow mouth.Made from paper maché with blue tapestry, music paper, gold leaf design work and bells. From the Balocoloc workshop. Suitable for wearing or display.
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medico.jpg Medico Della Peste (The Plague Doctor)
The Medico Della Peste is one of the most famous of the traditional Venetian masks although the costume itself was originated by a famous French plague doctor named Charles de Lorme. It was hoped the phallic beak -- stuffed with disinfectant substances -- would protect its wearer from infection. The doctors wore long black coats so their clothes wouldn’t become contaminated by their patients’ disease and they used the stick to enable them to lift bed covers and look at their patients — from a safe distance!

The popularity of the Medico della Peste with carnivale celebrants reminds us that in the midst of life, there is always the spectre of death.



   
medico_white.jpg White Medico della Peste
$140.00
This hand-made paper maché piece comes from Il Salotto delle Maschere in Venice, and is the most historically accurate of the Medico masks Slow Burn offers for sale. Twenty-two centimeters tall, fourteen centimeters wide. Black satin ribbons are attached, making the piece suitable for both wearing and display.

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gold-medico.jpg Gold Medico della Peste
$140.00
This hand-made paper maché mask, completely covered in thinly hammered gold leaf, comes from the Ca' del Sol workshop in Venice. The mask can be worn or displayed.
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music-medico.jpg Medico Della Peste with Music Notes
$180.00
This unusual piece -- paper maché covered with music paper and adorned with copper filagree -- reminds us that Death likes to whistle. From the Laboratorio Casanova in Venice.

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ornate-medico2.jpg Medico Della Peste with Medieval Prayer
$230.00
This remarkable version of one of the most famous of all Venetian masks is adorned with gold leaf and filagree, artwork displaying the doctor himself and a medieval prayer.

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dove.jpg Volo della Colombina (Flight of the Dove)
$320.00
During Carnivale, at midday on the Sunday preceding Shrove Thursday, a celebration called Volo della Colombina (Flight of the Dove) takes place: a paper maché dove "flies" along a cable that stretches from St. Mark's campanile to the plaza below, releasing clouds of confetti upon the delighted crowd.

This celebration is a reenactment of an act of daredevilry that took place at the height of the Venetian Republic: a young Turkish acrobat -- his pockets filled with flowers and poems for the Doge -- climbed a rope to the top of the bell tower and then proceeded to descend upside down along the Loggia Foscara of the Palazzo Ducale, a feat that became known as Volo dell'Angelo (Flight of the Angel.) After the reenactment became part of the Carnivale celebration, the Venetians replaced the human acrobat with a sympolic dove. Since 2002, however, the dove has once again become a human performer.

This extraordinary piece -- a woman wearing a headdress in the shape of a dove -- comes from the Balocoloc workshop in Venice. It is made from paper maché treated to suggest antiquity and decorated with gold foil and filagree, and Swarovski crystals.

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bauta_red.jpg Bauta
$100.00
"Bauta" is the name given to the square masks most commonly worn by Venetian citizens (men & women alike) to disguise their identities. The characteristically v-shaped and tilted chin was designed to enable the wearer to eat and drink without having to remove the mask.

This piece, from the Balocoloc workshop in Venice, is half white and half magenta, and embellished with gold brocade and musical notes. It may be worn or displayed.

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bauta-with-hand2.jpg Bauta Con Mano (Bauta with Hand)
$120.00
In this variant on the classic bauta, the wearer seeks to camaflage his true identity further by holding his left hand up to right side of his face. Look closely at the profile shot: the wedding ring on the hand makes this a most unusual piece.

This mask comes from the Balocoloc workshop. It is hand made from paper maché and painted using a special technique to give its surface the patina of antique porcelain. It's embellished with gold brocade, gold foil and sequins. The mask is suitable for wearing or display.


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casanova2.jpg Casanova
$140.00
Casanova was an 18th century Venetian writer, best known for an autobiography in which he documents his romantic conquests in extensive, lucubrious detail. This being Venice, of course he wore a mask to these assignations! Did he remove the mask with the rest of his clothing? Alas, this is one of those interesting questions for which history provides no reliable answer.

This mask comes the Maschere Benor workshop in Venice. It is a variation on the classic bauta. Paper maché painted to look like black, brown and gold leather. Suitable for wearing or display.

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doge_small.jpg The Doge
$180.00
For a thousand years the titular head of the Venetian Republic was the Doge, elected by members of La Serenissima's aristocracy to a lifetime term. After the 13th century or so the Doge had diminishing powers as head of government but increasing pomp and glory as head of state. Among the marks of office was a characteristic crown made of richly bejeweled brocade mounted over a linen skullcap. This mask is a representation of the Doge wearing his crown.

The mask is an example of the volto (Italian for face), a traditional full-faced mask with a round shape. The pale lips and slightly Oriental features are characteristic of male voltos. The mask comes from the Balocoloc workshop in Venice. It's paper maché treated to resemble aged porcelain, and decorated with gold leaf and gold furbelows.

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Volta_Donna_Farfalla.jpg Volto Donna Arlecchino (Female Full Face With Butterfly Decorations)
$60.00
The butterly has its own history of camaflage and revelation, and as such was a popular decorative motif on Carnivale masks. This mask displays a springtime palette of pinks and golds along with a highly kissable mouth. Note the voluptuous red lips -- they signal the mask wearer's libidinous intent.
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voglia.jpg Foglia Volto Intero (Leaf Mask - Full Face)
$150.00
Fantasy motifs like butterflies, animals and leaves were common themes in Venetian masks.

This full-faced, paper maché mask was made with a special aging technique to make its surface look like aged bronze. Highlights are of gold leaf. Two black ribbons are attached. The mask can be worn or hung on a wall.

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foglia.jpg Foglia Mezzo Volto (Leaf Half Mask)
$75.00
Fantasy motifs like butterflies, animals and leaves were common themes in Venetian masks. This paper maché mask mezzo (partial) mask leaves the lips free for kissing. The leaf pattern of the shape is repeated in gold leaf curlicues on the mask's surface from which gold bells hang. Two black ribbons are attached. The mask can be worn or hung on a wall.

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harlequin-volta1.jpg Harlequin 1
$70.00
Arlecchino (or Harlequin) is a Commedia dell'Arte character: an inept, clownish servant in a brightly colored, diamond patterned costume. The diamond pattern was named for him when it went on to become a popular decorative motif.

This mask was made by the Boldrin brothers of the workshop La Bottega dei Mascareri. Their work was showcased in Stanley Kubrick's film, Eyes Wide Shut. The mask is hand-painted paper maché, suitable for wearing or display.

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harlequin2.jpg Harlequin 2
$70.00
Another mask from the the Boldrin brothers of the workshop La Bottega dei Mascareri. While the decorative style is almost identical to the harlequin mask above, the face itself is different. That's because the artisans at La Bottega dei Mascareri cast new clay molds more often than other Venetian mask workshops.

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metallic-volta-1.jpg Copper Volto
$80.00
This decidedly untraditional volto from La Bottega dei Mascareri in Venice is the face of a young boy covered in thinly hammered copper leaf. Suitable for wearing or display.

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male-volta1.jpg Volto
$80.00
This unusual mask is from Benor Maschere in Venice. The eyebrows, pale lips and vaguely Oriental cast to the features suggest that this is a male volto. Hand-painted paper maché.

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columbina.gif.gif Columbine
Columbina was an early Commedia dell'arte actress whose vanity made her reluctant to camaflage her beauty behind a mask. The half-mask or loup was designed to accomodate her.

These masks come from a variety of different workshops in Venice. They are hand made of paper maché and individually decorated. They are suitable for both wearing and display.

   
columbine1.jpg Columbine (1)
$55.00

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columbine2.jpg Columbine (2)
$55.00
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columbine3.jpg Columbine (3)
$55.00

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columbine4.jpg Columbine (4)
$55.00
This unusual piece is an homage to the famous Venetian lace.

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columbine5.jpg Columbine (5)
$55.00

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columbine6.jpg Columbine (6)
$55.00

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